![]() ![]() In German, it is not a separate letter from "A" but in Swedish and Finnish, it is the second-to-last letter (between å and ö). The equivalent letter in German, Swedish, and Finnish is ä, but it is not located at the same place within the alphabet. In western and southern Jutish dialects of Danish, æ is also the proclitic definite article: æ hus (the house), as opposed to Standard Danish and all other Nordic varieties which have en clitic definite articles (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian: huset Icelandic, Faroese: húsið ). Thus, when this word is written as it is pronounced in these dialects (rather than the standard), it is often spelled with the letter "æ". In many northern, western, and southwestern Norwegian dialects and in the western Danish dialects of Thy and Southern Jutland, the word "I" (Norwegian: jeg, Danish: jeg) is pronounced /æː/. Additionally, the northernmost and southernmost of that area use Æ as the first person singular pronoun I. West of the red line through Jutland, classic Danish dialects use æ as the definite article. In Danish and Norwegian, æ is a separate letter of the alphabet that represents a monophthong. In Icelandic, æ represents the diphthong, which can be long or short. ætt (family, direction): Southern, Northern Faroese.æða ( eider): Southern, Northern Faroese.One of its etymological origins is Old Norse é (the other is Old Norse æ), which is particularly evident in the dialects of Suðuroy, where Æ is or : a rather open when directly followed by the sound, as in ræðast (silent ð) and frægari (silent g).when simultaneously stressed and occurring either word-finally, before a vowel letter, before a single consonant letter, or before the consonant-letter groups kl, kr, pl, pr, tr, kj, tj, sj, and those consisting of ð and one other consonant letter, except for ðr when pronounced like gr (except as below). ![]() In most varieties of Faroese, æ is pronounced as follows: The short version of the same vowel, /ɛ/, if it is distinguished from /e/, is written as ę. In Old Norse, æ represents the long vowel / ɛː/. If long vowels are distinguished from short vowels, the long version /æː/ is marked with a macron ( ǣ) or, less commonly, an acute ( ǽ). In Old English, æ represented a sound between a and e ( / æ/), very much like the short a of cat in many dialects of Modern English. In numismatics, "Æ" is used as an abbreviation for " bronze", derived from the Latin aes ( aere in the ablative, "from bronze"). The ligature is seen on gravestones of the 19th century, short for ætate ("at the age (of)"): "Æ xxYs, yyMs, zzDs." It is also common in formal typography (invitations, resolutions, announcements, and some government documents) for example, the Court Circular has continued to use the spelling orthopædic well into the 21st century. Given their long history, ligatures are sometimes used to show archaism or in literal quotations of historic sources for instance, in those contexts, words such as dæmon and æther are often so spelled. Usage, however, may vary for example, medieval is now more common than mediaeval (and the now old-fashioned mediæval) even in the United Kingdom, but archaeology is preferred over archeology, even in the US. In the United States, the issue of the ligature is sidestepped in many cases by use of a simplified spelling with "e", as happened with œ as well. In modern typography, if technological limitations make the use of æ difficult (such as in use of typewriters, telegraphs, or ASCII), the digraph ae is often used instead. In English, usage of the ligature varies between different places and contexts, but it is fairly rare. It is mentioned in the name of Serge Gainsbourg's song Elaeudanla Téïtéïa, a reading of the French spelling of the name Lætitia: "L, A, E dans l'A, T, I, T, I, A." English In the modern French alphabet, æ (called a " e-dans-l'a" ("e in the a")) is used to spell Latin and Greek borrowings like curriculum vitæ, et cætera, ex æquo, tænia, and the first name Lætitia. However, the ligature is still relatively common in liturgical books and musical scores. That was further simplified into a plain e, which may have influenced or been influenced by the pronunciation change. In some medieval scripts, the ligature was simplified to ę, an e with ogonek, called the e caudata ( Latin for "tailed e"). Both classical and present practice is to write the letters separately, but the ligature was used in medieval and early modern writings, in part because æ was reduced to the simple vowel during the Roman Empire. In Classical Latin, the combination AE denotes the diphthong, which had a value similar to the long i in f ine as pronounced in most dialects of Modern English. ![]() Æ on the Katholische Hofkirche in Dresden (at the beginning of "ÆDEM") Languages Latin ![]()
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